Computer science has changed the shape of Geographic Information. In addition, fast and mobile Internet access as well as a comprehensive standardization of the data exchange has opened the door to many new applications in the area, such as location based services which link mobile devices with spatial and temporal data. The most advanced concept is called “Ubiquitous GIS” which handles a great number of position-coded mobile objects such as containers within one system. This handbook provides a comprehensive overview of Geographic Information, detailing both the basics of the subject as well as specific applications. Coverage of the basics is organized in two sections: computer science and geoinformatics.