The three sections of this book provide an up-to-date review of the most important studies regarding groupers throughout the world. Section I, Biology, includes classification and phylogenic relationships, geographical distribution and life history. Section II, Ecology, describes how life history characteristics determine patterns of occurrence and abundance in space and time and how this affects population structure and connectivity. Section III, Conservation, covers the major threats faced by groupers, providing case studies and what the future holds for groupers.