This landmark text integrates diverse perspectives on how humans understand others’ minds (or ‘theory of mind’) beyond early childhood into middle childhood and adolescence. It explores how the neural, cognitive and social changes of middle childhood and adolescence shape ongoing development of theory of mind, and how theory of mind helps children navigate their lives. Drawing on cutting-edge research from leading international experts, this book provides a survey and analysis of the current state and future direction of the field. It is organized around three themes relating to the key issues in contemporary research. The first section focuses on the biological and cognitive bases of theory of mind in middle childhood and adolescence. It goes on to explore the social predictors and consequences, considering how theory of mind is shaped by social experiences and, in turn, impacts on children’s social lives in middle childhood and adolescence. Finally, the book focuses on theory of mind in the context of atypical development and youth mental health in middle childhood and adolescence. Offering in-depth understanding for all students and scholars of developmental and cognitive psychology, neuroscience, clinical psychology and psychiatry, and education, this valuable text also identifies an agenda for future scholarship on this exciting topic.